Title Deed in Georgia
NAPR · PSH · Extract from the Public Register · NAPR Extract · Amonaweri · Extract from the Rights Registry on Immovable Property
Definition
In Georgia, a title deed is officially known as an Extract from the Public Register (Amonaweri), issued electronically by the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR). Georgia does not issue physical paper certificates; legal real estate ownership is established digitally via a unique cadastral code and a verifiable electronic extract confirming full title, surface area, and encumbrances.
In detail
What is a Title Deed in Georgia?
In Georgian real estate law, a property title deed is officially structured as an Extract from the Rights Registry on Immovable Property (Amonaweri), maintained by the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR), an agency under the Ministry of Justice of Georgia. Unlike traditional legal systems that utilize physical paper deeds or embossed certificates, Georgia operates a completely paperless, digital real estate registry.
Core Components of a Georgian Public Registry Extract
An official electronic extract retrieved from NAPR serves as conclusive legal proof of ownership and contains the following mandatory data:
- Cadastral Code: A unique national identification string assigned to the parcel or individual unit (e.g.,
01.10.12.001.002.01.050). - Ownership Particulars: The full legal name, nationality, and passport or personal identification number of the property owner(s).
- Property Specifications: Address, precise area in square meters, floor number, and legal classification (residential, commercial, or non-agricultural land).
- Encumbrances and Liabilities: Comprehensive records of active mortgages, tax liens, judicial arrests, servitudes, or registered lease agreements.
- Base Documents: References to the legal instrument establishing ownership, such as a Sale and Purchase Agreement, Gift Deed, or Inheritance Certificate.
How Title Registration Works
Title transfer occurs by executing a purchase agreement at the Public Service Hall or before a recognized public notary. The application is submitted directly to NAPR. Processing time ranges from four business days down to same-day service upon payment of official government fees. Once approved, NAPR updates the online database, and the new owner receives a digital extract accessible via a unique barcode and QR code.
Primary (Off-Plan) vs. Secondary Market Titles
On the secondary market, title transfers fully upon registration of the final sale contract. For off-plan or under-construction properties, buyers initially register a Preliminary Purchase Agreement (pre-notation of right) in the registry. Final title is issued only after construction completion, municipal commissioning, and individual unit subdivision. Buyers should note that developer prices in Georgia legally include 18% VAT where applicable.
Georgian context
Georgia underwent comprehensive public registry reforms that eliminated paper property certificates and paper-based title deeds. Today, absolute proof of real estate ownership exists strictly as a digital entry in the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) database. Anyone can publicly search and verify a property's current extract online using its unique cadastral code. Each extract contains a security barcode and QR code that allows instantaneous online verification of authenticity, rendering notarized paper copies unnecessary within Georgian jurisdiction. Foreign nationals can register 100% legal ownership of non-agricultural property on an equal legal footing with Georgian citizens.
Real example
An investor acquires a secondary market apartment in Tbilisi. The seller provides the unit's unique cadastral code. Prior to signing, the buyer accesses the public NAPR portal to review the active extract, confirming that no mortgages or legal arrests exist. The parties sign a Sale and Purchase Agreement at the Public Service Hall and request expedited same-day registration. After paying the state fee, NAPR updates the public register within hours. The buyer receives an updated digital Extract from the Public Register displaying their passport number as the legal titleholder.
Common mistakes
- ×Expecting a physical paper title deed with wet stamps rather than an electronic NAPR extract.
- ×Failing to pull an updated public register extract on the exact day of contract signing to check for last-minute encumbrances.
- ×Confusing a preliminary register entry for an off-plan apartment with final title registration.
- ×Assuming foreign nationals can directly hold title to agricultural land without legal conversion to non-agricultural status.
- ×Not updating passport details in the NAPR system after renewing an old passport used during property acquisition.
Frequently asked questions
Is a physical paper title deed issued in Georgia?
No. Georgia does not issue physical paper title certificates. Property ownership is registered electronically with the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR). Legal proof of ownership consists of a digital Extract from the Public Register containing a verifiable QR code.
How long does it take to register a title deed in Georgia?
Standard title registration takes 4 business days. Expedited registration options are available at the Public Service Hall, allowing title registration to be completed in 1 business day or on the same day within a few hours.
Can a foreigner own 100% of a title deed in Georgia?
Yes. Foreign individuals and entities can hold 100% full title ownership to non-agricultural real estate in Georgia. However, foreign nationals are constitutionally prohibited from directly owning land designated as agricultural.
Does holding a property title deed qualify for Georgian residency?
Yes, provided the real estate property has an officially appraised value of at least 150,000 USD. The property must be evaluated by an accredited independent appraiser to support the residence permit application.
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