Property Ownership

Beneficial Owner (UBO)

A Beneficial Owner, or Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO), is the natural person who ultimately owns or controls a real estate asset or legal entity, enjoying the economic benefits of ownership regardless of whose name appears on official land titles or public registry deeds. Identifying the UBO is a core requirement under international Anti-Money Laundering (AML) standards.

Co-ownership

Co-ownership is a legal structure where two or more individuals or corporate entities hold simultaneous title to the same real estate property. Each co-owner holds a distinct fractional share or undivided interest, governing their respective rights to usage, rental income distribution, maintenance costs, and eventual asset disposition under property law.

Condominium (Amkhanagoba)

In Georgian real estate, a Condominium (officially Binaatmesakutreta Amkhanagoba or Apartment Owners' Partnership) is a legal entity formed by individual owners of units within a multi-dwelling residential building. It governs the management, maintenance, and operation of shared property, such as stairwells, elevators, roofs, facades, and surrounding land.

Corporate Property Ownership in Georgia

Corporate Property Ownership in Georgia refers to holding real estate assets through a legal entity, most commonly a Georgian Limited Liability Company (LLC). While this structure provides liability insulation, corporate flexibility, and streamlined multi-investor governance, it imposes specific corporate tax rules, annual reporting obligations, and distinct limitations regarding agricultural land and investment residency pathways.

Foreign Property Ownership in Georgia

Foreign Property Ownership in Georgia refers to the legal framework granting foreign individuals and entities the right to acquire, lease, and sell real estate in Georgia. Foreign citizens enjoy full freehold ownership rights identical to Georgian nationals for residential and commercial real estate, registered via the National Agency of Public Registry, though constitutional restrictions prohibit direct ownership of agricultural land.

Freehold Ownership in Georgia

Freehold ownership in Georgia grants the titleholder absolute, indefinite legal ownership over real estate, registered in the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR). Foreign individuals and entities enjoy full rights to buy, sell, lease, or inherit non-agricultural freehold property without requiring citizenship, local partners, or state permission, subject to general Georgian property laws.

HOA / Condominium Fees in Georgia

HOA or condominium fees in Georgia are monthly service charges paid by apartment owners to maintain shared property within a multi-unit building. These fees cover elevator upkeep, lobby cleaning, security, common area lighting, and shared amenity management. Services are administered either by developer-appointed management companies or registered associations of apartment owners.

Leasehold in Georgia

Leasehold in Georgia refers to a temporary contractual or limited real right granting the use and possession of land or real estate owned by another party, governed by the Civil Code of Georgia. While foreign investors can purchase non-agricultural land freehold, leasehold structures—such as long-term leases, usufruct, or right of build—are widely used for commercial land development and agricultural land use.

Mortgage Lien on Property

A mortgage lien on property is a legal claim or encumbrance registered against a real estate asset by a creditor to secure a loan or financial obligation. In Georgia, a mortgage lien must be registered in the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR) to grant the lender priority rights in case of default.

Ownership Share

An ownership share represents the legally recognized fractional proportion of title held by a co-owner in a real estate asset. It defines the co-owner's legal rights, financial entitlements to rental yields, responsibility for maintenance expenses, and proportional voting power regarding decisions that affect the shared property.

Servitude / Easement

A servitude (civil law) or easement (common law) is a non-possessory legal right that allows one property owner or entity to use or restrict the use of another's real estate for a specific purpose, such as property access or utility passage.

Title Deed in Georgia

In Georgia, a title deed is officially known as an Extract from the Public Register (Amonaweri), issued electronically by the National Agency of Public Registry (NAPR). Georgia does not issue physical paper certificates; legal real estate ownership is established digitally via a unique cadastral code and a verifiable electronic extract confirming full title, surface area, and encumbrances.

Usufruct in Georgia

Usufruct in Georgia (usufruqti) is an in rem property right governed by the Civil Code of Georgia that grants an individual or entity the legal right to possess, use, and collect income from another person's real estate without holding title ownership.